Process Analysis by AAVOS International

Continuous emission monitoring systems (CEMS) were historically used as a tool to monitor flue gas for oxygen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide to provide information for combustion control in industrial settings.[1] They are currently[when?] used as a means to comply with air emission standards such as the United States Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Acid Rain Program, other federal emission programs, or state permitted emission standards. Facilities employ the use of CEMS to continuously collect, record and report the required emissions data. The standard CEM system consists of a sample probe, filter, sample line (umbilical), gas conditioning system, calibration gas system, and a series of gas analyzers which reflect the parameters being monitored. Typical monitored emissions include: sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrogen chloride, airborne particulate matter, mercury, volatile organic compounds, and oxygen. CEM systems can also

One of the ever-present waste streams in the oil and gas industry which creates problems for most companies is Slop Oil. “Slop Oil”, by definition, is considered crude oil which is emulsified with water and solids rendering it a waste stream that cannot be sold down the pipeline. Slop Oil, or secondary oil, is found in evaporation ponds, sludge pits, storage tanks, and permitted commercial disposal facilities. Slop Oil is not environmentally friendly! Current options for disposal are expensive and hard to find. This leads to Slop Oils being stored in pits or tanks, wherever possible, until a better solution presents itself. Our technology is timely, given the environmentally sensitive market as well as the cost implications of the disposal of residual oil production and hydrocarbon waste. Advanced research and technology is the answer. After four years of intense research and development, we are now efficiently able to process Slop Oil to pipeline specifications. This is achieved by

Viscosity is a measure of the resistance of a fluid which is being deformed by either shear stress (schuifspanning) or tensile stress (trekspanning) . In everyday terms (and for fluids only), viscosity is “thickness” or “internal friction”. Thus, water is “thin”, having a lower viscosity, while honey is “thick”, having a higher viscosity. Put simply, the less viscous the fluid is, the greater its ease of movement (fluidity).

Reid vapor pressure (RVP) is a common measure of the volatility of gasoline. It is defined as the absolute vapor pressure exerted by a liquid at 100 °F (37.8 °C) as determined by the test method ASTM-D-323.

Vapor pressure or equilibrium vapor pressure is defined as the pressure exerted by a vapor in thermodynamic equilibrium with its condensedphases (solid or liquid) at a given temperature in a closed system. The equilibrium vapor pressure is an indication of a liquid's evaporation rate. It relates to the tendency of particles to escape from the liquid (or a solid). A substance with a high vapor pressure at normal temperatures is often referred to as volatile.  Vapor pressure is measured in the standard units of pressure. The International System of Units (SI) recognizes pressure as a derived unit with the dimension of force per area and designates thepascal (Pa) as its standard unit. One pascal is one newton per square meter (N·m−2 or kg·m−1·s−2).

The pour point of a liquid is the temperature at which it becomes semi solid and loses its flow characteristics. In crude oil a high pour point is generally associated with a high paraffin content, typically found in crude deriving from a larger proportion of plant material. That type of crude oil is mainly derived from a kerogen Type III. credit wiki