Interferometry or Interferometers
Interferometry is a family of techniques in which waves, usually electromagnetic waves, are superimposed causing the phenomenon of interference in order to extract information.Interferometry is an important investigative technique in the fields of astronomy, fiber optics, engineering metrology, optical metrology, oceanography, seismology, spectroscopy (and its applications to chemistry), quantum mechanics, nuclear and particle physics, plasma physics, remote sensing, biomolecular interactions, surface profiling, microfluidics, mechanical stress/strain measurement, velocimetry, and optometry. Interferometers are widely used in science and industry for the measurement of small displacements, refractive index changes and surface irregularities. In an interferometer, light from a single source is split into two beams that travel different optical paths, then combined again to produce interference. The resulting interference fringes give information about the difference in optical path...