Lignocellulosic

-
Lignocellulose refers to plant dry matter (biomass), so called lignocellulosic biomass. It is the most abundantly available raw material on the Earth for the production of biofuels, mainly bio-ethanol. It is composed of carbohydrate polymers (cellulose, hemicellulose), and an aromatic polymer (lignin). These carbohydrate polymers contain different sugar monomers (six and five carbon sugars) and they are tightly bound to lignin. Lignocellulosic biomass can be broadly classified into virgin biomass, waste biomass and energy crops. Virgin biomass includes all naturally occurring terrestrial plants such as trees, bushes and grass. Waste biomass is produced as a low value byproduct of various industrial sectors such as agriculture (corn stover, sugarcane bagasse, straw etc.) and forestry (saw mill and paper mill discards). Energy crops are crops with high yield of lignocellulosic biomass produced to serve as a raw material for production of second generation biofuel; examples include switch grass (Panicum virgatum) and Elephant grass.

credits wiki


Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Online, inline, atline and bypass (analysers)

-
Image
Inline : For inline analysis, a sensor can be placed in a process vessel or stream of flowing material to conduct the analysis. Online : Analysers which are connected to a process, and conduct automatic sampling, can be called online (or on-line) analysers or sometimes inline (or in-line) analysers. This means that online and inline analyses permit continuous process control. Offline and atline analyses, on the other hand, are characterized by manual sampling followed by discontinuous sample preparation, measurement and evaluation. The material properties can change during the time between sampling and the availability of the results, so direct process control is not possible. A bypass line is recommended in terms of process control to prevent a shutdown or lost product. If you have to clean, calibrate or validate ypour analyser a lot, then a bypass is the best solution.
Read more

Thermal conductivity detector (TCD)

-
Image
The thermal conductivity detector (TCD), also known as a Katharometer, is a bulk property detector and a chemical specific detector commonly used in gas chromatography.[1] This detector senses changes in the thermal conductivity of the column effluent and compares it to a reference flow of carrier gas. Since most compounds have a thermal conductivity much less than that of the common carrier gases of helium or hydrogen, when an analyte elutes from the column the effluent thermal conductivity is reduced, and a detectable signal is produced. The TCD consists of an electrically heated filament in a temperature-controlled cell. Under normal conditions there is a stable heat flow from the filament to the detector body. When an analyte elutes and the thermal conductivity of the column effluent is reduced, the filament heats up and changes resistance. This resistance change is often sensed by a  Wheatstone bridge  circuit which produces a measurable voltage change. The column ...
Read more

Pour point

-
Image
The pour point of a liquid is the temperature at which it becomes semi solid and loses its flow characteristics. In crude oil a high pour point is generally associated with a high paraffin content, typically found in crude deriving from a larger proportion of plant material. That type of crude oil is mainly derived from a kerogen Type III. credit wiki
Read more